Negli ultimi anni si sta indagando il suo ruolo, insieme a quello dell’intestino, nell'inizio e/o nello sviluppo della malattia di Parkinson. È stato dimostrato che i pazienti affetti da malattie infiammatorie intestinali hanno un'incidenza di malattia di Parkinson superiore al 28%.
Alcuni studi hanno dimostrato delle interazioni intestino-cervello che potrebbero essere rilevanti per malattie neurodegenerative quali la malattia di Parkinson.
Gli autori si sono soffermati soprattutto sulla possibile azione della corteccia insulare (un'area cerebrale che appariene al lobo temporale), poiché è ritenuta essere un’area del cervello correlata all’elaborazione delle informazioni viscerali.
Questi studi suggeriscono che la malattia di Parkinson possa avere inizio nel sistema nervoso dell'intestino per poi diffondersi lungo i nervi che arrivano al cervello. Si ipotizza, inoltre, che l'infiammazione intestinale e la conseguente maggiore permeabilità intestinale possano essere la causa di aggregazione dell'α-sinucleina, fenomeno tipico della malattia.
Pertanto, le terapie mirate a regolare l’asse intestino-cervello possono ridurre l’infiammazione intestinale e quindi, con buone probabilità, il rischio di sviluppare malattie neurodegenerative.
Per avere un intestino in salute si consiglia di:
Variare il più possibile la dieta;
Mantenere una dieta ad alto tenore di fibre (20-35 grammi di fibre giornaliere) aumentando il consumo di alimenti integrali, frutta e verdura, legumi;
Apportare un’adeguata quantità di acqua;
Avere uno stile di vita sano, che preveda lo svolgimento costante di un’attività fisica moderata;
Fare dei cicli di probiotici e/o consumare quotidianamente alimenti contenenti fermenti lattici vivi.
A cura delle dott.sse Michela Barichella, medico Dietologo e Serena Caronni, biologa Nutrizionista
FONTE: Olszewska DA, Lang AE. The Role of Insular Cortex in Gut-Inflammation Memory: What Does It Mean for Parkinson's Disease? Mov Disord. 2022 Apr;37(4):700-701. doi: 10.1002/mds.28975. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
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(`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :nowDate1)) AND
(`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :nowDate2) AND `a`.`language` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7) LIMIT 2013.04ms3.16KBParams/modules/mod_related_items/src/Helper/RelatedItemsHelper.php:152CopySELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,CASE WHEN `a`.`publish_up` IS NULL THEN `a`.`created` ELSE `a`.`publish_up` END AS `publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,LENGTH(`a`.`fulltext`) AS `readmore`,`a`.`ordering`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,CASE WHEN `c`.`published` = 2 AND `a`.`state` > 0 THEN 2 WHEN `c`.`published` != 1 THEN 0 ELSE `a`.`state` END AS `state`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`path` AS `category_route`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`published` AS `parents_published`,`c`.`lft`,CASE WHEN `a`.`created_by_alias` > ' ' THEN `a`.`created_by_alias` ELSE `ua`.`name` END AS `author`,`ua`.`email` AS `author_email`,`uam`.`name` AS `modified_by_name`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,COALESCE(NULLIF(ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1), 0), 0) AS `rating`,COALESCE(NULLIF(`v`.`rating_count`, 0), 0) AS `rating_count`
FROM `jml_content` AS `a`
LEFT JOIN `jml_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid`
LEFT JOIN `jml_users` AS `ua` ON `ua`.`id` = `a`.`created_by`
LEFT JOIN `jml_users` AS `uam` ON `uam`.`id` = `a`.`modified_by`
LEFT JOIN `jml_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id`
LEFT JOIN `jml_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id`
LEFT JOIN `jml_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id`
WHERE `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `a`.`state` = :condition AND `a`.`id` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7,:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9,:preparedArray10,:preparedArray11,:preparedArray12,:preparedArray13,:preparedArray14,:preparedArray15,:preparedArray16,:preparedArray17,:preparedArray18,:preparedArray19,:preparedArray20,:preparedArray21) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)
ORDER BY a.ordering ASC1.11ms107.84KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166CopySELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug`
FROM `jml_categories` AS `s`
INNER JOIN `jml_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`)
WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id
ORDER BY `c`.`lft`427μs6.9KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375CopySELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug`
FROM `jml_categories` AS `s`
INNER JOIN `jml_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`)
WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id
ORDER BY `c`.`lft`366μs6.9KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375CopySELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug`
FROM `jml_categories` AS `s`
INNER JOIN `jml_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`)
WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id
ORDER BY `c`.`lft`352μs17.9KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375CopySELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug`
FROM `jml_categories` AS `s`
INNER JOIN `jml_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`)
WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id
ORDER BY `c`.`lft`340μs6.9KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375CopySELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug`
FROM `jml_categories` AS `s`
INNER JOIN `jml_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` < `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt` AND `c`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) OR (`c`.`lft` <= `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` <= `c`.`rgt`)
WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id
ORDER BY `c`.`lft`347μs6.9KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375CopySELECT `params`
FROM `jml_comprofiler_plugin`
WHERE `id` = 1174μs896BCopySELECT `id`
FROM `jml_rstbox`
WHERE `published` = 1 AND `testmode` = 0199μs928B/administrator/components/com_rstbox/EngageBox/Boxes.php:45CopySELECT *
FROM `jml_rstbox`
WHERE `id` = 3136μs2.23KB/administrator/components/com_rstbox/EngageBox/Box.php:238CopySELECT COUNT(id)
FROM `jml_rstbox_logs`
WHERE `event` = 1 AND `box` = 3 AND `visitorid` = 'd4f9333a8866d120' AND MONTH(date) = 03 AND YEAR(date) = 2025218μs896B/administrator/components/com_rstbox/EngageBox/Assignments.php:201CopySELECT *
FROM `jml_rstbox`
WHERE `id` = 5138μs2.23KB/administrator/components/com_rstbox/EngageBox/Box.php:238CopySELECT COUNT(id)
FROM `jml_rstbox_logs`
WHERE `event` = 1 AND `box` = 5 AND `visitorid` = 'd4f9333a8866d120'120μs896B/administrator/components/com_rstbox/EngageBox/Assignments.php:201CopySELECT `language`,`id`
FROM `jml_menu`
WHERE `home` = '1' AND `published` = 1 AND `client_id` = 0467μs976B/libraries/src/Language/Multilanguage.php:123CopySELECT `alias`
FROM `jml_content`
WHERE `id` = :id124μs1.67KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168CopySELECT `alias`
FROM `jml_content`
WHERE `id` = :id95μs1.67KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168CopySELECT `c2`.`language`,CONCAT_WS(':', `c2`.`id`, `c2`.`alias`) AS `id`,CONCAT_WS(':', `ca`.`id`, `ca`.`alias`) AS `catid`
FROM `jml_content` AS `c`
INNER JOIN `jml_associations` AS `a` ON `a`.`id` = `c`.`id` AND `a`.`context` = :context
INNER JOIN `jml_associations` AS `a2` ON `a`.`key` = `a2`.`key`
INNER JOIN `jml_content` AS `c2` ON `a2`.`id` = `c2`.`id`
INNER JOIN `jml_categories` AS `ca` ON `c2`.`catid` = `ca`.`id` AND `ca`.`extension` = :extension2
WHERE `c`.`id` = :id AND c2.access IN (1,5) AND c2.language != 'it-IT' AND (c2.publish_up IS NULL OR c2.publish_up <= '2025-03-24 10:31:30') AND (c2.publish_down IS NULL OR c2.publish_down >= '2025-03-24 10:31:30') AND c2.state = 1291μs1.81KBParams/libraries/src/Language/Associations.php:145CopySELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note
FROM jml_fields AS a
LEFT JOIN `jml_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language
LEFT JOIN jml_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out
LEFT JOIN jml_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access
LEFT JOIN jml_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id
LEFT JOIN jml_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id
WHERE
(
(`a`.`context` = :context AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND
(`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND
(`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform
ORDER BY a.ordering ASC710μs5.63KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166CopySELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count
FROM `jml_scheduler_tasks` AS `a`
WHERE `a`.`state` = 1235μs1.75KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:517CopySHOW TABLES1.06ms8.83KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:678CopySELECT `session_id`
FROM `jml_session`
WHERE `session_id` = ?170μs1.67KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291CopyUPDATE `jml_session`
SET `data` = ?
, `time` = ?
WHERE `session_id` = ?16.9ms936BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy